A sugar the body absorbs but cannot burn, clearing through the kidneys. It cooks and tastes close to table sugar at almost no energy cost, and with a meal it lowers the blood sugar and insulin rise. Fat-loss and blood-fat claims have not held up. Digestive upset sets the practical ceiling; no trial has run past three months. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose | 75–85 mg/dL | Baseline glucose control; sets expected benefit size |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 4.8–5.4% | Three-month average glucose; the endpoint pooled trials failed to move |
| Fasting insulin | 2–5 µIU/mL | Detects the insulin excess that the insulin-sparing effect targets |
| Continuous glucose monitor post-meal peak | Rise under 30 mg/dL above pre-meal, peak under 120 mg/dL | The most direct read of whether allulose is working for that individual |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Above 55 mg/dL for men, above 65 mg/dL for women | The one lipid value a trial reported falling on sustained allulose |
| Triglycerides | Under 80 mg/dL | Reflects the fructose-like burden allulose is meant to avoid imposing |
| Uric acid | 3.5–5.5 mg/dL for men, 3.0–5.0 mg/dL for women | Fructose raises it; confirms allulose is not behaving like its epimer |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate | Above 90 mL/min/1.73 m² | Guards the sole elimination route for absorbed allulose |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | Under 0.5 mg/L | Screens for the inflammatory shift one trial suggested |
| Bone mineral density T-score | Above −1.0 | Addresses the density signal seen at high sustained doses |
Cadence: Metabolic and renal panel at baseline; lipid panel rechecked at 12 weeks; full panel at 6 months, then every 6–12 months during continued use. Above 0.4 g/kg daily from age 35, a bone density scan every two years.