The liver converts this Korean root's signature compounds almost entirely into one circulating substance within hours. In people the measured effects are narrow: a standardized extract lowered mildly raised blood fats; combination products eased urinary and menopausal symptoms. Everything else rests on animals and cells. Side effects matched placebo. Nearly every human trial was company-funded. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting triglycerides | <100 mg/dL | The single best-documented benefit |
| Triglyceride-to-HDL ratio | <2.0 | Insulin-resistance and cardiac-risk proxy that moved in the trial |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | <25 U/L men, <20 U/L women | Detects the enzyme rises seen in both published trials |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | <25 U/L | Pairs with ALT to separate liver from muscle origin |
| Complete blood count with platelet count | Platelets 150–400 × 10⁹/L | Baseline before any antiplatelet concern |
| Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), men over 45 | No established target for this use; track change from the individual's own baseline | The root's compounds act on androgen-receptor signaling |
| Estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), menopausal use | No established target for this use; track change from the individual's own baseline | Confirms symptom relief is not occurring through hormonal action |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with urinalysis | >90 mL/min/1.73 m² | Kidney safety floor, relevant to mycotoxin exposure |
Cadence: Full baseline panel with the matching symptom instrument before the first dose; liver enzymes repeated at 6 weeks; the full panel with the relevant symptom score at 12 weeks; then every 6 months if use continues.