A Thai root sold as a testosterone booster, yet no human study has ever measured testosterone after taking it. One small trial reported better erection scores; a later comparison collapsed when the product proved blended with an undeclared erection drug. Animal hormone data reverse with duration. The larger hazards are the product itself: undeclared drugs and wrong-species substitution. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Total testosterone | 600–900 ng/dL | The outcome the herb is taken for |
| Free testosterone | 15–25 ng/dL | The fraction actually available to tissue |
| Sex hormone-binding globulin | 20–40 nmol/L | Explains a total–free mismatch |
| Dihydrotestosterone | Mid-range of 250–990 pg/mL | The marker that rose in the only reported human case of androgen excess |
| Luteinising hormone | 2–6 IU/L | Falls when an outside androgen suppresses the brain-to-testes loop |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone | 1.5–8 IU/L | Distinguishes testicular from pituitary causes of a low reading |
| Estradiol (sensitive assay) | 20–30 pg/mL | Detects estrogenic activity from the same extract |
| Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase | Below 25 U/L each | Liver enzymes that rose in rodents at high doses |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 40–100 U/L | Rose alongside aspartate aminotransferase in the 90-day rodent study |
| Haematocrit | 40–48% | Androgenic stimulation thickens blood and raises clotting risk |
| Prostate-specific antigen | Below 1.0 ng/mL under age 50; below 2.5 ng/mL thereafter | Androgen-sensitive tissue growth is the main long-term concern |
Cadence: Baseline panel drawn fasting between 7 and 10 a.m., with total testosterone confirmed on a second morning; hormone and liver panel repeated at 8 weeks, at the end of each subsequent cycle, then every 6 to 12 months during continued use. Prostate-specific antigen annually in men over 45, sooner if urinary symptoms appear.