A natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound from propolis. Nearly all evidence comes from cell and animal studies, with no human trials, poor oral absorption, and a shift from protective to damaging at high doses. Safety knowledge derives mostly from propolis, which can cause allergic reactions and carry heavy-metal contamination. Promising but unproven; experimental. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| hs-CRP | < 1.0 mg/L | Tracks body-wide inflammation CAPE is proposed to lower |
| ALT and AST (liver enzymes) | ALT ~10–26 U/L; AST ~10–26 U/L | Detect liver stress from the supplement or contaminants |
| eGFR / creatinine | eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73m²; creatinine mid-reference | Kidney safety and relevance to the organ-protection signal |
| Fasting glucose & HbA1c | Glucose 75–86 mg/dL; HbA1c < 5.4% | Tracks the metabolic/insulin-sensitivity pathway CAPE targets |
| CBC (complete blood count) | Within reference range | Screens for anemia or platelet changes relevant to bleeding concern |
| Heavy-metal panel (blood lead) | As low as possible; below reference | Screens for contaminant exposure from propolis-derived material |
Cadence: Baseline, then ~8–12 weeks after starting, then every 6–12 months; earlier if any adverse symptom appears