A cheap spice with a small but repeatedly measured effect on blood sugar, blood pressure, triglycerides and body weight — clearest where readings are already elevated, barely present where they are not. Easily swamped by sleep, food quality and training. The cheap supermarket type (cassia) stresses the liver; ground cinnamon repeatedly carries lead. Type and supplier matter more than amount. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose | 75–86 mg/dL | Primary efficacy endpoint |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 4.8–5.2% | Three-month average; filters daily noise |
| Fasting insulin | 2–5 µIU/mL | Detects insulin resistance before glucose rises |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 10–19 U/L (women), 10–26 U/L (men) | Safety endpoint for coumarin exposure |
| Triglycerides | Below 80 mg/dL | The lipid fraction moved most reliably |
| LDL cholesterol | Below 100 mg/dL, particle count preferred | Secondary lipid endpoint; response inconsistent |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | Below 0.5 mg/L | Tracks the inflammatory signal |
| Blood pressure | Below 120/80 mmHg | Efficacy endpoint and hypotension check |
| Blood lead | Below 1.0 µg/dL | Contamination check for daily users |
Cadence: Baseline, then glucose, lipids, liver enzymes and blood pressure at 12 weeks, then every six to twelve months. Insulin or sulfonylurea users self-test glucose more often for the first two weeks.