Dry fasting, going without food and all fluids for part of the day or, rarely, several days, is a religious practice also promoted for longevity. Daytime fasting brings modest, short-lived drops in weight, body fat and blood pressure, with headaches, tiredness, shorter sleep and, on certain diabetes medicines, dangerously low blood sugar. Nothing yet shows removing water adds benefit beyond water-permitted fasting; multi-day dry fasting remains high-risk and largely unexamined. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Serum sodium | 137–142 mmol/L | Hydration status |
| Creatinine & eGFR | eGFR above 90 mL/min/1.73 m² | Kidney strain |
| BUN | 10–16 mg/dL | Dehydration signal |
| Uric acid | Below 5.5 mg/dL | Gout and stone risk |
| Potassium | 4.0–4.8 mmol/L | Electrolyte balance |
| Fasting glucose | 75–90 mg/dL | Glucose control |
| HbA1c | Below 5.4% | Three-month glucose average |
| LDL-C, apoB, TG | LDL-C below 100 mg/dL; apoB below 80 mg/dL; TG below 100 mg/dL | Cardiovascular risk |
| hs-CRP | Below 1.0 mg/L | Inflammation |
| Hematocrit | 40–50% (men); 37–45% (women) | Blood thickening from dehydration |
| Urine specific gravity | 1.005–1.020 on waking | Overnight rehydration adequacy |
| Blood pressure | Below 120/80 mmHg | Cardiovascular effect and standing drop |
| TSH (levothyroxine users) | 0.5–2.5 mIU/L | Thyroid dose adequacy |
| Body weight, waist and body composition | Improved weight and waist | Success criterion |
Cadence: Baseline panel before a first fasting month or any dry fast longer than 24 hours; weight and blood pressure weekly; laboratory tests in week three and two to four weeks after the fasting month, then annually; daily mid-day and pre-sunset glucose on glucose-lowering medication; daily weight, sodium and creatinine under clinical supervision in multi-day fasts