Removing a root-canal-treated tooth is permanent. Bacteria do survive inside treated roots, and inflammation at the root tip persists in a large minority of them. No study has removed these teeth and measured what happened to health afterwards. The costs are measured: jawbone shrinks at the site and does not come back. Most treated teeth last many years. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | Below 1.0 mg/L | Tracks low-grade whole-body inflammation, the main claimed target |
| Interleukin-6 | Below 2.0 pg/mL | Direct inflammatory messenger released by root-tip lesions |
| Glycated haemoglobin | 4.8–5.4% | Poor glucose control predicts lesion persistence and failed socket healing |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D | 40–60 ng/mL | Supports bone fill in the healing socket |
| Fibrinogen | 200–300 mg/dL | Second inflammation marker, less reactive to transient illness than high-sensitivity C-reactive protein |
| White blood cell count with differential | 4.5–6.0 × 10⁹/L | Screens for occult infection before surgery and detects post-extraction socket infection |
| RANTES/CCL5 | No established target; track change from the individual's own baseline | Used in the jawbone-cavitation literature as the marker of a locally inflamed socket |
Cadence: Socket reviewed clinically at one week and one month, radiographically at three and six months; blood markers repeated at three and six months, thereafter every 6–12 months.