A synthetic six-amino-acid peptide that copies the stomach's hunger hormone to make the pituitary gland release a burst of the body's own growth hormone. That pulse is well established; almost everything beyond it is unresolved. Hunger, stress-hormone output, and blood sugar rise, and fluid retention is common. Nearly all tissue-protection evidence comes from the single institute that developed it. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| IGF-1 | 100–170 ng/mL in adults over 40; below the 75th percentile for age and sex | The only meaningful readout of whether the peptide is working |
| IGF binding protein 3 | 3.0–4.5 mg/L | Shows how much IGF-1 is bound versus free and biologically active |
| Fasting glucose | 75–86 mg/dL | Earliest marker of the insulin-antagonizing effect of growth hormone |
| Fasting insulin | 2–5 µIU/mL | Detects loss of insulin sensitivity well before glucose moves |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 4.8–5.3% | Confirms whether a glucose rise has persisted over months |
| Morning cortisol | 10–15 µg/dL at 8 a.m. | Detects the stress-hormone activation that is intrinsic to this peptide |
| Prolactin | Below 10 ng/mL in men; below 15 ng/mL in women | Detects the class's modest prolactin elevation before symptoms appear |
| TSH and free T4 | TSH 1.0–2.0 mIU/L; free T4 in the upper half of the reference range | Thyroid status materially alters the response and must be stable before assessing it |
| Apolipoprotein B | Below 80 mg/dL, or below 60 mg/dL where cardiovascular risk is elevated | Growth hormone elevation shifts lipid handling; this is the most reliable marker of that shift |
Cadence: Full panel before the first dose; IGF-1 at 3 weeks; fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and hemoglobin A1c at 4–6 weeks and again at 3 months; prolactin and morning cortisol at 6 weeks; thereafter the full panel every 3 months while dosing continues, and once more 2–3 weeks into any off-period.