Whole dried berries, not juice or an isolated extract, shift blood fat readings favourably and substantially raise the yellow pigment the eye stores in its central patch, while markers of oxidative damage fall. Blood sugar and older-adult vaccine response are supported but smaller. Mood, energy, sleep and waist claims rest on weaker studies. Bleeding cases occurred with blood-thinning medication. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides | Under 80 mg/dL | Most reliably moved lipid fraction |
| HDL cholesterol | Above 60 mg/dL | Second fraction that rises in pooled trials |
| Fasting glucose | 75–86 mg/dL | Captures the modest glycaemic effect |
| HbA1c | 4.8–5.2% | Confirms a real glycaemic shift rather than a single-day reading |
| ALT | Under 20 U/L men, under 17 U/L women | Tracks the liver-enzyme signal |
| GGT | Under 20 U/L | Second liver enzyme moved in trial data |
| Macular pigment optical density | 0.45 or above at 0.5° eccentricity | The endpoint behind the strongest mechanism |
| INR | 2.0–3.0 only if anticoagulated | Detects the one documented serious interaction |
| hs-CRP | Under 1.0 mg/L | Contextualises the oxidative-stress claim against background inflammation |
Cadence: Lipids, fasting glucose, HbA1c, liver panel and — where the eye is the reason for use — macular pigment optical density before starting; repeat lipids and fasting glucose at 8 weeks and again at 16 weeks, then every 6–12 months once stable; recheck macular pigment at 6 months and annually thereafter; recheck the liver panel annually.