A concentrated grass-fed dairy fat prized for vitamin K2 and vitamin A, the basis of Weston Price's still-untested "Activator X." K2 reliably improves bone-related blood markers and modestly raises bone density, while fracture and heart benefits are genuinely mixed. Whether the oil's variable, smaller amounts match isolated-nutrient findings remains uncertain. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D | 40–60 ng/mL | Vitamin D works with K2 in calcium handling; low levels blunt bone benefit |
| Serum retinol (vitamin A) | 0.5–0.8 mg/L (within normal range, not elevated) | Detects cumulative vitamin A excess from butter oil plus other sources |
| Under-carboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) | Lower is better (reflects adequate K2) | Direct marker of vitamin K2 sufficiency and response |
| INR (for anticoagulant users only) | Per anticoagulant target (e.g., 2.0–3.0) | K2 intake changes can destabilize clotting in warfarin users |
| Bone mineral density (DXA T-score) | Above −1.0 | Tracks the primary long-term skeletal outcome |
Cadence: Vitamin D and vitamin A status every 6–12 months; bone density by DXA every 1–2 years; INR on the clinician's schedule whenever intake changes