A dried flower bud eaten as food and used as medicine in East Asia, carrying the same plant acids as coffee. Laboratory and animal work is extensive; human work is thin. Taken as a tea or capsule from species-verified material not bleached with sulfur, it appears well tolerated, with mild digestive upset and less iron taken up from meals. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| hs-CRP | <0.5 mg/L | Tracks the inflammatory signal the herb is used to damp |
| ALT | 10–26 U/L (men), 7–20 U/L (women) | Detects liver stress from any botanical taken daily |
| Ferritin | 30–100 ng/mL | The polyphenol-iron interaction acts here first |
| Eosinophil count | <200 cells/µL | Flags allergic sensitization before it becomes symptomatic |
| Seated blood pressure | 110–125 / 70–80 mmHg | Captures the chlorogenic acid effect where one exists |
| Urinary 8-OHdG | No established range; tracked against own baseline | Oxidative-damage marker that moved in the one controlled trial |
| INR | 2.0–3.0 on warfarin only | The interaction with warfarin clearance shows up here |
Cadence: Baseline, at 8 weeks, then every 6–12 months if use continues; on warfarin or a narrow-margin medication, weekly INR or drug level for the first 4 weeks after starting and after stopping