A natural compound from citrus fruit, studied as a supplement for metabolic health and healthy aging. The most developed evidence points to modestly better blood fats and reduced liver fat, plus broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Short-term safety looks good, but most data come from animal studies; the main caution is altered processing of some medications. Promising but unproven. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| LDL cholesterol | < 100 mg/dL | Primary lipid target naringenin may lower |
| Triglycerides | < 90 mg/dL | Most responsive lipid marker in the human trial |
| HDL cholesterol | > 55 mg/dL (men), > 60 mg/dL (women) | May rise modestly; part of overall lipid picture |
| ALT | < 25 U/L (men), < 20 U/L (women) | Liver-cell stress marker relevant to fatty liver |
| AST | < 25 U/L | Complements ALT for liver status |
| GGT | < 25 U/L | Sensitive marker of liver and oxidative stress |
| Fasting glucose | 75–90 mg/dL | Tracks any glycemic effect |
| HbA1c | < 5.4% | Average blood sugar over ~3 months |
| hs-CRP | < 1.0 mg/L | General inflammation marker naringenin may reduce |
Cadence: Baseline, then core lipid and liver markers at 4–8 weeks, then every 3–6 months; more frequently if combined with interaction-sensitive medications.