Separated from tobacco smoke, nicotine reliably delivers a short burst of sharper attention and quicker reactions that fades within about an hour. Its longer-term promise for the aging brain, weight, and mood remains unproven. It is strongly habit-forming, raises heart rate and blood pressure, disrupts sleep, and is harmful in pregnancy. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Resting Heart Rate | 55–70 beats/min | Detects sympathetic stimulation from nicotine |
| Blood Pressure | < 120/80 mmHg | Tracks nicotine's pressor (blood-pressure-raising) effect |
| Fasting Glucose | 75–90 mg/dL | Screens for impaired glucose control with chronic use |
| HbA1c | < 5.4% | Reflects average blood sugar over ~3 months |
| Fasting Lipid Panel | LDL < 100 mg/dL; HDL > 50 mg/dL | Monitors cardiovascular risk context |
| Serum Cotinine | Tracked, not target-based | Confirms exposure level and dosing consistency |
Cadence: Baseline, then roughly 4–8 weeks after starting or any dose change, then every 6–12 months during continued intermittent use; more frequent with cardiovascular or metabolic risk