A desert-plant antioxidant with a mixed record. The one controlled human benefit, clearing sun-damaged skin patches, came from a cream no longer sold. Lifespan, blood fat, blood sugar and inflammation claims rest on animals and cells. Prolonged oral intake of the parent plant has caused severe liver injury; rats reliably develop kidney cysts. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| ALT | Men 10–26 U/L; women 8–22 U/L | Primary signal of liver-cell injury |
| AST | 10–26 U/L | Confirms hepatocellular pattern alongside ALT |
| ALP | 40–90 U/L | Detects the cholestatic pattern typical of chaparral injury |
| GGT | Men below 25 U/L; women below 20 U/L | Confirms a biliary source and flags glutathione turnover |
| Total bilirubin | 0.3–1.0 mg/dL | Jaundice was the presenting sign in reported cases |
| Creatinine with eGFR | eGFR above 90 mL/min/1.73 m² | Tracks the filtration function the rodent lesion destroys |
| Cystatin C | 0.6–0.9 mg/L | Filtration marker independent of muscle mass |
| Urinalysis (protein and blood) | Negative for both | Detects tubular injury before filtration falls |
| Platelet count with INR | Platelets 150–400 ×10⁹/L; INR 0.9–1.1 | Covers the bleeding signal seen in long-term rodent dosing and liver synthetic function |
| Fasting triglycerides | Below 100 mg/dL | Tests the rodent metabolic claim directly |
| Fasting glucose with HbA1c | Glucose 75–86 mg/dL; HbA1c 4.8–5.4% | Second axis of the claimed metabolic effect |
| hs-CRP | Below 0.5 mg/L | Tracks the anti-inflammatory claim |
Cadence: Liver chemistry at 4 weeks, at 8 weeks, then every 3 months while intake continues; kidney markers and urinalysis every 6 months; metabolic and inflammatory markers every 6 to 12 months; kidney imaging beyond a year.