A concentrated olive leaf preparation. Its best-supported effect is modestly lowering blood pressure in people whose pressure is already raised, with smaller and less reliable improvements in blood fats. Effects on blood sugar, inflammation, weight and knee pain are contested. Benefits concentrate in people starting with abnormal values; stomach upset is the usual complaint. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Home systolic / diastolic blood pressure | 110–120 / 70–75 mmHg | Best-evidenced outcome; defines whether there is anything to improve |
| Fasting glucose | 4.4–5.0 mmol/L (79–90 mg/dL) | Detects the additive hypoglycemia risk and the target for glycemic benefit |
| HbA1c | 4.8–5.2% | Three-month average glucose; the endpoint of the only positive diabetes trial |
| LDL cholesterol | Below 2.0 mmol/L (77 mg/dL) | One of the two lipid markers the extract moves in positive trials |
| Apolipoprotein B | Below 0.8 g/L | Counts artery-damaging particles; not moved by any olive leaf trial but the better risk marker |
| Triglycerides | Below 1.0 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) | The lipid fraction most consistently reduced across pooled analyses |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | Below 1.0 mg/L | Tests the claimed anti-inflammatory effect, which trials contradict each other on |
| Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase | Below 25 U/L (women), below 30 U/L (men) | Addresses the isolated hepatic toxicity case report |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine | TSH 1.0–2.0 mIU/L; free thyroxine in the upper half of the laboratory range | Animal data show thyroid stimulation; relevant to anyone on thyroid replacement |
| Ferritin | 50–125 µg/L | Tests the theoretical polyphenol iron-binding effect in anyone with borderline iron status |
| 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure | Mean below 130/80 mmHg | Used in the strongest trials; detects night-time effects home monitoring misses |
Cadence: Home blood pressure daily for the first four weeks, then weekly; fasting glucose twice daily for two to four weeks for anyone on insulin or a sulfonylurea; repeat laboratory panel at 12 weeks, then every 6–12 months on continued use; liver enzymes and, on thyroid replacement, thyroid function rechecked at three months.