Pentadecanoic acid, a trace saturated fat from dairy and grazing-animal meat, is sold as a purified daily capsule promoted for healthy aging. People with more in their blood develop type 2 diabetes less often, though this comes from observation, not tests of the capsule. Small, short capsule trials show hints of better liver enzymes and cholesterol, but no long-term outcome data. Overall: low-risk, with an uncertain payoff. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pentadecanoic acid | Plasma above 5 µg/mL; 0.4–0.64% of membrane fatty acids (proposed) | Confirms uptake |
| ALT | Under 25 U/L | Liver-cell stress |
| AST | Under 25 U/L | Liver and muscle stress |
| GGT | Under 20 U/L | Liver stress |
| LDL cholesterol | Under 100 mg/dL | Dairy-fat LDL effect |
| ApoB | Under 80 mg/dL | Cholesterol-carrying particle count |
| Hemoglobin | Men 14–16 g/dL; women 13–15 g/dL | Red-cell signal |
| RDW | 11.5–13.0% | Red-cell health |
| hs-CRP | Under 1.0 mg/L | Inflammation |
| HbA1c | Under 5.4% | Blood-sugar control |
| Ferritin | 40–150 ng/mL | Iron stores |
Cadence: Baseline before starting; repeat at 12 weeks; then every 6–12 months while supplementation lasts, plus a lipid check 8–12 weeks after any change in dose or dairy intake