The steamed root of the ginseng plant, taken for centuries as a tonic. The most dependable effects are modestly better erectile function and less fatigue, with weaker signals for lower blood sugar, fewer colds, and reduced oxidative stress. Longevity appeal rests on animal and laboratory work. Generally well tolerated; morning dosing prevents its main side effect, sleeplessness. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose | 75–86 mg/dL | Tracks the glucose-lowering effect and hypoglycemia risk |
| HbA1c | < 5.3% | Confirms sustained glycemic effect over months |
| Blood pressure | < 120/80 mmHg | Detects the unpredictable pressure response |
| hs-CRP | < 1.0 mg/L | Gauges any anti-inflammatory effect |
| INR (only if on warfarin) | Per prescribed target (commonly 2.0–3.0) | Red ginseng can lower warfarin's effect |
Cadence: Baseline, then 4–8 weeks after starting, then every 6–12 months; INR within 1–2 weeks if on warfarin