A synthetic compound that switches on control proteins in muscle cells, reproducing part of the signal endurance training sends. In mice it built more energy-producing structures but left muscle fibres thinner. No human has received it in a registered study, so no measurement of muscle size, strength or safety exists. What is sold today is unregulated laboratory powder. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Alanine aminotransferase | Under 20 U/L | Hepatic clearance is extensive and the responsible enzymes are unidentified |
| Creatine kinase | 40–150 U/L (men), 30–120 U/L (women) | Detects muscle breakdown; unchanged in treated mice, so a rise is a genuine signal |
| Complete blood count | All indices within reference, haemoglobin in the upper half | The rodent safety readout was a normal blood count, the closest toxicity comparator available |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate | Above 90 mL/min/1.73 m² | ERR activation acts directly on kidney mitochondria |
| Fasting insulin | Under 5 µIU/mL | Improved insulin sensitivity was the clearest metabolic effect in animals |
| Haemoglobin A1c | 4.8–5.3% | Captures glucose control over roughly three months |
| Lean body mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry | No established target; change from own baseline | The goal endpoint, never measured on this compound |
| Grip strength | Above 40 kg (men), above 25 kg (women) | Functional muscle output; the one strength signal seen in mice |
| Prostate-specific antigen, men from 45 | Under 1.0 ng/mL before 60, and stable year on year | Cancer surveillance; this receptor's over-activity drives tumour progression |
Cadence: Baseline before exposure; liver, muscle and blood-count panel at 4 and 12 weeks, then every 3 to 6 months; body composition and strength every 12 weeks; glucose and kidney filtration every 6 months; cancer screening per age and family history