A prescription vitamin A cream applied to the face each evening. Several large placebo-controlled trials show it improves sun-damage wrinkling, brown mottling, and rough texture, with gains still building after a year. Its strongest showing is on deeper wrinkling. The cost is irritation — peeling, dryness, redness, burning — and use in pregnancy is ruled out. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy test (human chorionic gonadotropin) | Negative | Retinoids are contraindicated in pregnancy |
| Fasting triglycerides | 70–100 mg/dL | Retinoids as a class raise triglycerides |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D | 40–60 ng/mL | Strict daily sun avoidance during treatment cuts skin vitamin D synthesis |
| Graded photodamage score (fine wrinkling, coarse wrinkling, mottled hyperpigmentation, each 0–4) | No established target; at least a one-grade fall from own baseline by week 24 | Converts a subjective impression into the endpoint the trials measured |
| Local skin reaction score (erythema, peeling, dryness, burning; each 0–3) | 1 or below on every component after week 4 | Separates the expected early retinoid reaction from treatment-limiting irritation |
Cadence: Local skin reaction score weekly for the first 4 weeks. Photographs and the graded photodamage score at 12 weeks, 24 weeks, then every 6 months. Triglycerides and vitamin D at 6 months, then annually.