A farmed marine alga taken as a small daily dose of dried cells, rich in the enzymes tissue uses to neutralise oxygen damage. Small manufacturer-linked studies point to less muscle damage, better aerobic fitness and improved sperm quality. Safety looks quiet. A rise in a growth signal and a drop in platelet numbers cut against a longevity reading. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Platelet count | 175–250 × 10⁹/L | Tracks the one consistent blood change seen with this ingredient |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 | 100–160 ng/mL for adults over 40 | Rose at both tested doses; longevity-oriented users prefer mid-range values |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | Below 0.5 mg/L | Background inflammation, the outcome the ingredient is marketed to improve |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase | 10–20 U/L (men), 8–15 U/L (women) | Inexpensive proxy for glutathione turnover and oxidative load |
| Total and free testosterone | Total 600–900 ng/dL; free 15–25 ng/dL (men) | Reported to rise at 25 mg/day and central to the fertility findings |
| Sperm DNA fragmentation | Below 15% of sperm affected | The clinical endpoint with a randomised outcome trial behind it |
| Haemoglobin and haematocrit | Haemoglobin 14–15 g/dL (men), 13.5–14.5 g/dL (women); haematocrit 42–46% (men), 38–42% (women) | Trials reported movement in red-cell indices in both directions |
| Peak oxygen uptake | No established target; track change from the individual's own baseline | The performance outcome reported in two trials |
Cadence: Baseline draw, then the blood panel at eight to twelve weeks, then every six to twelve months during continued use. Semen parameters need three months; aerobic testing is repeated at twelve weeks.