A morning habit, not a treatment. Scraping lifts the overnight tongue film and lowers the sulfur gases behind ordinary bad breath; that effect fades within the hour, so it is repeated daily. Taste sensitivity improves, more so in older people. Wider claims stay suggestive. Harms are minor: gagging when reaching too far back, soreness when pressing too hard. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Winkel Tongue Coating Index | 0–2 of 12 | Direct measure of what scraping removes |
| Breath volatile sulfur compounds | < 100 ppb on waking | Objective stand-in for judged bad breath |
| Judged breath (organoleptic) score | 0–1 of 5 | Captures odours the monitor misses |
| Resting systolic blood pressure | 105–120 mmHg | Tracks the nitric-oxide-pathway question |
| Taste-strip score | Improvement from own baseline; no established target | Detects the gustatory gain that trials report |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | < 1.0 mg/L | Low-grade systemic inflammation, the oral-systemic link |
Cadence: Baseline before the first session; coating score and dorsum photograph weekly for a month, then monthly; taste and breath at 4 weeks; blood pressure at 4 weeks, then every 3–6 months; tongue inspected for abrasion each session.