A water-binding molecule applied in serums to hydrate and smooth aging skin. It reliably boosts surface moisture, softness, and smoothness within days to weeks and is exceptionally well tolerated. Effects on fine lines and firmness are real but modest, depend on the product, and fade when use stops. Much evidence is short and industry-funded. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Skin hydration (corneometry) | ≥10–30% increase over baseline | Direct readout of HA's core humectant benefit |
| Transepidermal water loss (tewameter) | Stable or decreasing from baseline | Reflects barrier integrity and water retention |
| Skin elasticity (cutometer) | Improving from baseline | Captures firmness/springiness beyond surface moisture |
| Wrinkle depth / surface roughness (imaging or replica) | Decreasing from baseline | Tracks the fine-line and smoothness endpoints |
Cadence: Reassess at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, then every 3–6 months for maintenance