A decades-old skincare antioxidant. Reliable for basic moisturizing and skin softening, and useful within vitamin C blends for added sun-damage protection. Evidence for standalone wrinkle or scar improvement is weak and mixed, and it sometimes worsens scars. Allergic skin reactions are common, so a skin test before regular use is sensible. Best as a supporting ingredient, not a fix. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) | ~12–30 µmol/L | Confirms systemic vitamin E status if deficiency or excess is suspected |
| Skin patch test (tocopherol/tocopheryl acetate) | Negative (no reaction) | Identifies allergic contact sensitization before full-area use |
Cadence: Observational review at ~2 weeks, 6–8 weeks, then every few months