Vitamin K2 helps the body move calcium into bone and away from artery walls. It reliably improves vitamin K status, but proof of stronger bones or healthier arteries is mixed and partly industry-funded. Its one serious risk is counteracting older blood-thinning drugs. For most, it is inexpensive, well tolerated, and biologically reasonable. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| dp-ucMGP | < 500 pmol/L | Vascular vitamin K status |
| Undercarboxylated osteocalcin | Low / minimal undercarboxylation | Bone vitamin K sufficiency |
| Prothrombin time / INR | Per anticoagulation target (2.0–3.0 on warfarin) | Detects shift in anticoagulation |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D | 40–60 ng/mL | Confirms vitamin D status |
| Serum calcium | 9.0–10.0 mg/dL | Screens for hypercalcemia |
| Coronary artery calcium score | 0 Agatston units | Vascular calcification burden |
Cadence: Recheck at 8–12 weeks, then every 6–12 months; weekly INR for those on a vitamin K antagonist around any change