A purified baker's yeast fiber that gently readies the immune system. The most reliable finding is a modest reduction in common colds and other upper-airway infections, with shorter, milder episodes. Benefits are clearest in stressed adults, endurance athletes, and older people. It is safe, inexpensive, and easy to access; effects are genuine but moderate. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| hs-CRP | < 1.0 mg/L (ideally < 0.5) | Tracks whether low-grade inflammation shifts over time |
| White blood cell count with differential | ~4.0–5.5 × 10⁹/L | Broad check of immune-cell balance, including neutrophils and lymphocytes |
| 25-OH Vitamin D | 40–60 ng/mL | Vitamin D status strongly shapes immune function and can confound benefit |
| Salivary or serum IgA | Within age-adjusted normal range | Mucosal antibody linked to airway defense that beta-glucan has raised in trials |
Cadence: Baseline, again at ~3 months of consistent use, then every 6–12 months