A mined volcanic mineral powder that works only in the digestive tract and is not absorbed. Its strongest finding is that it sharply reduces how much ingested lead enters the bloodstream. Almost every human study came from companies selling it. Binding is not selective, so useful minerals leave too. Cheap and low-burden for adults willing to test and monitor. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Blood lead | Below 1.0 µg/dL | Principal target of binding and principal safety signal |
| Whole blood cadmium, arsenic, mercury | Below laboratory detection limit | Establishes whether a binding target exists at all |
| Serum copper | 80–120 µg/dL | Most consistently depleted essential mineral in long-term use |
| Serum zinc | 90–120 µg/dL | Competes for the same exchange sites as toxic cations |
| Serum sodium | 138–142 mmol/L | Dropped below reference during long-term supplementation |
| Serum calcium, albumin-corrected | 9.2–10.0 mg/dL | Dropped below reference in the osteoporosis cohort |
| Ferritin | 50–150 ng/mL | Detects iron depletion from non-selective binding |
| Creatinine and eGFR | eGFR above 90 mL/min/1.73 m² | Clearance of mobilised metals and aluminium depends on it |
| ALT and AST | Below 25 U/L (men), below 20 U/L (women) | Screens for liver injury attributed to supplements |
| Complete blood count | Haemoglobin 13.5–15.0 g/dL (women), 14.5–16.0 g/dL (men); white cells 4.0–7.0 ×10⁹/L; platelets 175–250 ×10⁹/L | Detects anaemia from mineral depletion and the immune-cell shifts reported in one study |
| Fasting lipid panel | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol below 100 mg/dL, triglycerides below 100 mg/dL | The one quantified efficacy signal outside metal binding |
| Stool zonulin | No established target; track change from the individual's own baseline | The marker that moved in the endurance trial |
Cadence: Mineral and metals panel at baseline, three months and twelve months, then every six to twelve months during continued use; lipids rechecked at eight weeks where that is the target