A plant compound abundant in grain bran and coffee. Its best-supported use is a skin serum with vitamins C and E, which reduces sun-induced redness and speeds recovery after laser treatment. A short oral trial improved cholesterol and inflammation markers. Lifespan and blood-sugar claims rest on animal work; the memory effect is contested. It weakens blood clotting. (Full Review)
| Marker | Target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| LDL cholesterol | < 80 mg/dL | Primary measured benefit of oral dosing |
| Triglycerides | 50–80 mg/dL | Second lipid fraction that moved in trial |
| HDL cholesterol | > 55 mg/dL men, > 65 mg/dL women | Rose modestly on oral dosing |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | < 0.5 mg/L | Largest single marker change reported |
| Oxidized LDL cholesterol | No established target exists; track the change from the individual's own baseline | Mechanistic marker that fell in trial |
| Platelet count | 200–300 × 10⁹/L | Bleeding risk from platelet inhibition |
| Prothrombin time with international normalized ratio | 0.9–1.1 if not anticoagulated; the prescribed target range if anticoagulated | Detects additive effect on clotting |
| Alanine aminotransferase | < 25 U/L men, < 20 U/L women | Conjugation load falls on the liver |
| Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio | < 10 mg/g | The kidney endpoint that improved in trials |
| Glycated haemoglobin | 4.8–5.4% | Glucose claim is animal-only and unverified in people |
Cadence: Lipid panel and inflammation marker at 6 weeks and 12 weeks; blood count and liver enzymes at 12 weeks; then all of them every 6–12 months while dosing continues.